Policy on the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Manuscript Preparation

The journal recognizes that artificial intelligence (AI) tools, including but not limited to large language models (e.g., ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini), machine learning tools, and automated data analysis systems, may be used to support research and manuscript preparation. However, the use of such tools must comply with the highest standards of transparency, accountability, and academic integrity.

AI tools may be used for the following purposes:

• Language editing and grammar correction

• Improving readability and clarity of text

• Data analysis support under researcher supervision

• Generating code, tables, or visualizations with appropriate verification

Authors are fully responsible for all content submitted to the journal, regardless of whether AI tools were used.

Disclosure Requirement

Authors must clearly disclose the use of AI tools in the manuscript. This disclosure should be included in a dedicated section titled:

"Artificial Intelligence Disclosure" or within the Acknowledgments section.

The disclosure must include:

• The name of the AI tool used

• The purpose of its use

• Confirmation that the authors reviewed and verified all generated content

Example disclosure statement:

“During the preparation of this manuscript, the authors used [AI tool name] to assist with language editing and formatting. All content was carefully reviewed and verified by the authors, who take full responsibility for the final manuscript.”

Prohibited Uses

AI tools must not be used for:

• Generating scientific conclusions without author verification

• Fabricating or manipulating research data

• Creating false citations or references

• Writing manuscripts without substantial human intellectual contribution

• Producing peer review reports

• Circumventing plagiarism detection systems

Authorship Responsibility

Artificial intelligence tools cannot be listed as authors.

Authorship requires:

• Intellectual contribution

• Accountability

• Responsibility for the accuracy and integrity of the work

Since AI tools cannot assume responsibility, they do not meet authorship criteria.

Ethical and Editorial Compliance

Editors and reviewers may use AI tools only in ways that maintain strict confidentiality. Manuscripts under review must not be uploaded into public AI systems.

The journal reserves the right to:

• Request clarification regarding AI use

• Reject manuscripts where AI use violates ethical standards

• Retract published articles if undisclosed or unethical AI use is later discovered

This policy aligns with international standards, including COPE, ICMJE, and major academic publishers.